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Mary Kay Bergman

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Mary Kay Bergman
Born(1961-06-05)June 5, 1961
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
DiedNovember 11, 1999(1999-11-11) (aged 38)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Cause of deathSuicide by gunshot
Burial placeForest Lawn Memorial Park, Hollywood Hills, California, U.S.
Other namesShannen Cassidy
Alma materUniversity of California, Los Angeles
Occupations
  • Voice actress
  • voice-over teacher
Years active1978–1999
Spouse
​
(m. 1990)​

Mary Kay Bergman (June 5, 1961 – November 11, 1999), also credited as Shannen Cassidy, was an American voice actress and voice-over teacher. She was the official voice of the Disney character Snow White from 1989 to 1999[1][2] and the lead female voice actress on South Park from the show's debut in 1997 until her death. She was also the voice actress of Claudette and Laurette in Beauty and the Beast, Dr. Blight in Captain Planet and the Planeteers (replacing Meg Ryan), Katie in Family Dog, and Daphne Blake from 1997 to 1999. Throughout her career, Bergman performed voice work for every aspect in media, including over 400 television commercials.[1]

Bergman was born in Los Angeles, California. Bergman had an interest in animation and impersonation early in her life. After acting in her first professional role in the television film Return Engagement, she studied theater arts at UCLA for three years. Struggling to find a job suited for her, she was trained under her voice-acting teacher Kat Lehman and started performing radio voiceovers. She was chosen as the replacement of Snow White after a long search of talent agencies and voiceover classes. She joined The Groundlings to sharpen her voice acting skills, which contributed to her audition of Family Dog. In 1994, she started teaching voice acting classes. Bergman was cast as nearly every female character in South Park after she gave Trey Parker and Matt Stone ideas they originally did not have.

Bergman suffered generalized anxiety disorder in her private life. Her condition, which led to physical symptoms and severe stress, was kept private. On November 11, 1999, she wrote two suicide notes and shot herself in the head. Shortly after Bergman's death, her husband Dino Andrade established the Mary Kay Bergman Memorial Fund.

Life and career

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Early life and childhood

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Bergman was born on June 5, 1961, in Los Angeles, California.[3][4][5] An only child,[6] her mother, Patricia McGowen,[7] was a cel painter for Max Fleischer on Popeye cartoons in New York City.[3] Her parents performed as a singing duo at lounges and clubs in Reno and Las Vegas, Nevada, and Los Angeles.[3] They settled in Los Angeles after her mother became pregnant.[3] Bergman was piqued by her mother's interest in animation, which led to a shared interest by watching cartoons on Saturday mornings together.[3]

At an early age, Bergman wanted to be a film star.[3] Bergman's early passion for impersonating was influenced by Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, a film she watched in theaters at the age of six or seven.[3] She grew up around the corner from the home of Adriana Caselotti, the original voice of Snow White, of whom she idolized.[6] Bergman attended Joseph Le Conte Middle School and Hollywood High School.[8]

1978–1986: Career beginnings

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At age 16, Bergman received her first professional acting job in the television film Return Engagement, which starred Elizabeth Taylor.[3] However, Bergman's scene at the end of the film was cut out, making her disappointed.[9] Shortly, Bergman joined the Screen Actors Guild.[10] Upon graduating from Hollywood High School in June 1978 with top academic honors,[citation needed] Bergman enrolled at UCLA and studied theater arts from 1978 until 1981.[9][11][12] According to her husband Dino Andrade, she attended the university because she was a fan of Carol Burnett and wanted to attend the same university as Burnett did.[10] She was a classmate and friend of future The Simpsons voice actress Nancy Cartwright.[10] After three years in the university, Bergman received a role in a play outside of school and dropped out to start her professional life.[10]

Bergman joined a small agency in the valley of Los Angeles, which started six months before she joined.[10] She auditioned for an exercise program that was scheduled to appear on cable programming.[10] A week after Bergman received the role, the agency was closed, and reopened as a candy store.[10] She described the experience as "the worst agent story in the business."[10] Bergman's next role was as a receptionist for the Boy Scouts of America.[10] She enjoyed the job and was pleased to work with the people of the organization.[10] She also received compliments about her speaking voice, which added to her frustration.[13] Bergman also worked as a receptionist for an insurance company and from there she moved up the ranks to become an assistant underwriter, which she found "extremely boring."[14] To break the monotony, Bergman thought about becoming a disc jockey but could not find information about where to take classes.[14]

While working as a receptionist, Bergman received an invitation to a party from one of her co-workers at the insurance company.[14] When Bergman attended the party, she danced and sang with a karaoke machine.[14] Her impersonation of Ethel Merman caught the attention of voice-over teacher Kat Lehman.[14] Bergman studied voice acting and took all Lehman's classes.[14] After her final class, Bergman recorded a demo tape and was delivered to Bergman's first voice-acting agency, Abrams, Rubaloff, and Lawrence.[14] Bergman soon quit her job as a receptionist after realizing that "squeezing auditions into her regular work schedule was not working."[14] Her first voice role was a frightened woman in a radio commercial for a small home security company on a local station in 1986.[citation needed]

1986–1993: Snow White and Family Dog

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While she performed radio voiceovers, she found a part-time job at a department store to supplement her income.[14] Bergman went with her personal agent Libby Westby after Westby switched agencies to Sutton, Barth, and Vennari.[14] At around the same time, Disney was looking for a replacement for Adriana Caselotti, the original voice of Snow White, who was not always available to work.[14] Bergman was chosen by former Disney executive Les Perkins after a "long and tedious search" of talent agencies and voiceover classes throughout Los Angeles.[15] Upon learning that she would be the official replacement of Snow White, Bergman expressed trepidation, describing the voice as "very difficult".[15] Her first voiceover appearance as Snow White was for a book on tape, but she needed a day off for the recording.[15] After her boss at a department store refused, she had a choice to keep the job at a department store or do voiceover work as Snow White.[15] She chose the latter, and she agreed to lend her voice only when Caselotti was unavailable.[15] At its peak of popularity, Bergman was chosen to voice Dr. Blight in Captain Planet and the Planeteers by the producers of the show after Meg Ryan opted out.[16] She also voiced two of the Bimbettes, Claudette and Laurette, in Beauty and the Beast.[16] She began doing matches for other actors such as Jodie Foster, Gillian Anderson, Helen Hunt, Julia Roberts, Jennifer Tilly, Emma Thompson, and Alfre Woodard.[16]

To further improve her acting skills, Bergman joined The Groundlings, which helped her use her skills while auditioning for Family Dog.[16] During audition, Bergman would be asked on "how [she act] to be sexy".[17] Bergman improvised "her best sexy dog" while feeling "like an idiot", worrying that she did "everything wrong" to the casting director.[17] Three weeks after the audition, Bergman received a call notifying her that she not only received the role of Katie, but her tape was chosen out of hundreds that were submitted by Steven Spielberg.[17] The show became one of Bergman's favorite projects. [17] Bergman stated that she would do five or six voices in each episode, which she enjoyed.[17] Bergman also met Frank Welker, one of her mentors, which was considered a positive experience for her.[17] Family Dog was scheduled to debut on March 20, 1991, but the show was ultimately pushed back until 1993 for the animation to be completed.[18][19] The show's first episode debuted on June 23, 1993, on CBS.[20]

1993–1999: Academy Awards dubbing and South Park

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When Disney was working on a restored version of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs on LaserDisc, Caselotti was brought back in to record a rediscovered scene that was missing its audio track.[15] After the studio executives listened to her work, they decided to bring in Bergman to record the voice instead.[15] Bergman also voiced Snow White for the 65th Academy Awards instead of Caselotti.[15] Caselotti was unaware her voice had been replaced until the 65th Academy Awards when Snow White presented the award for Best Animated Short Film.[15] In 1995, Bergman expressed dismay on voicing her for the ceremony, stating that it was "one of the most uncomfortable times in [her] entire career."[21] She also felt disappointed for her, expressing that a responsibility should be made to keep the character as an important part of Caselotti's career.[16] Disney received hundreds of complaints after the ceremony, noting the changes to the Snow White character that Jeffrey Katzenberg had made, including a more modernized look to match her updated voice.[16] Katzenberg issued written apologies, and Bergman did not publicly admit to voicing Snow White while Caselotti was still alive.[16]

In 1994, Bergman started teaching the technique of doing voice-overs for animation at the Kalmenson & Kalmenson Studios in Burbank.[11][12] Trey Parker and Matt Stone were looking for a different voice actress for the female characters in South Park, as they were unhappy with Karri Turner's performance in the series' unaired pilot.[17] Bergman attended a recast in Los Angeles and gave them several ideas they originally did not have.[17] The ideas she gave included portraying Liane Cartman as a "1950s sitcom-style mother", interjecting Sheila Broflovski's catchphrase "What, what, what!" when she gets flustered, and adding a lisp to Stan Marsh's sister, Shelley.[22] Parker and Stone cast her as nearly every female character in the series.[22] Bergman's characters included Liane Cartman, Sheila Broflovski, Shelly Marsh, Sharon Marsh, Carol McCormick, and Wendy Testaburger. In her interview with Entertainment Weekly in 1999, Bergman credited South Park for distancing her out of her reputation known for voicing characters in children's animation.[23]

Although the show appealed to Bergman's "dark sense of humor", she was credited as Shannen Cassidy (taken from Shannen Doherty and David Cassidy) in the first two seasons due to the concerns that her voice role as Snow White would be taken out if the Walt Disney Company knew that she was in South Park.[23][22] According to Dino Andrade, the other reason was that nobody believed that South Park was going to last.[22] When South Park became a success, mails were being sent under her alias, and Bergman decided to abandon it.[23] In addition, Bergman performed sixteen voices for the film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut.[22] Bergman overdubbed nine separate voices for the film's song "Blame Canada".[22] Bergman was nominated for Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production for her performance as Sheila Broflovski at the 27th Annie Awards.[1][2]

Personal life

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Bergman married voice actor Dino Andrade on April 7, 1990.[24] They remained married for the rest of Bergman's life.[25] At the height of her popularity, Bergman started to physically suffer from insomnia, myalgia, and nausea.[22] She was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder by her physician, which was determined to be caused by severe stress.[22] This was hidden as a secret to everyone, including her husband, family, and friends.[2][26] She also privately admitted to her husband that she was afraid of losing her abilities and that her career would end because of her condition.[26]

Death

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Grave of Mary Kay Bergman, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, featuring etchings of characters she voiced on South Park

On the morning of November 11, 1999, Bergman contributed to a radio program celebrating Disneyland's 45th anniversary,[6] performing the voice of Snow White for a radio commercial.[26] Later, in the evening, Andrade returned to her home in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Venice to find that Bergman had fatally shot herself in the head, with two suicide notes, the first one for Andrade and the second one for John Bell, stating that she could not "handle [her] fear anymore."[1][6][23] Attorney Robert Harrison originally stated that she had shown no signs of depression.[23] The Los Angeles County Coroner's Office reported that the cause of death was ruled a self-inflicted shotgun wound.[27][2][28]

Bergman is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills.[26] Andrade revealed that she was buried there since one of her biggest thrills was attending private screenings of Beauty and the Beast in the Walt Disney Company's original screening room, which is located near her grave.[26]

Public reaction and memorials

[edit]

Following her death, news of her death was published on several websites, including South Park's website.[1] A lot of established websites that included the news of her death, including her memorial page and a message board of Bergman, also received popularity.[23] News of her death triggered an outpouring of grief from her fans and friends.[23] South Park creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone were initially "too distraught" to issue a statement about her death.[23] On March 2, 2000, during an interview with Parker and Stone at the Paley Center for Media, they issued a statement about Bergman, stating they realized that "one person wasn't going to do it" because of her vocal capabilities, and that they were in a process of finding "a lot of talented voice people".[29]

On November 15, Sutton, Barth, and Vennari ran a full memorial to her on the Variety magazine.[1] To honor Bergman and encourage others to seek help, Dino Andrade established the Mary Kay Bergman Memorial Fund at the Suicide Prevention Center of Didi Hirsch Community Mental Health Center,[30] which raised thousands of dollars toward the cause.[26] Her official website, mkbmemorial.com, was converted to support a mental health program for those diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder.[26]

Voice acting style

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Bergman was known for her distinctive voice acting on her "sweet, cute little characters."[23] Her voice-acting skills also increased over time, which included her experience with The Groundlings.[16][23] She credited the troupe with "honing her ability to come up with voices on demand," which included her skills when auditioning for Family Dog.[16] In her interview with Entertainment Weekly in 1999, Bergman stated that she had "more of a range as [she has] gotten older".[23]

Influences

[edit]

At an early age, Bergman envisioned herself becoming a film star.[3] At the age of six or seven, her mother took Bergman to watch a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[3] Bergman cited it as an inspiration to crossover from a mere fan to a performer, stating that the film "made a complete impression" on her.[3] Shortly, Bergman started impersonated everything, including Lily Tomlin on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In and her neighbor's barking dogs.[3] Voice actor Frank Welker, one of Bergman's mentors, was also cited as an inspiration to her outlook.[3]

Successors

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Bergman's friend and student Grey DeLisle inherited the role of Daphne Blake in the Scooby-Doo franchise.

Voice actress Tara Strong replaced Bergman as the voice of Timmy Turner in The Fairly OddParents, as well as redubbing Bergman's lines from the Oh Yeah! Cartoons era.[31]

Filmography

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Film

[edit]
List of voice performances in feature and direct-to-video films
Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
1991 Beauty and the Beast Claudette, Laurette [28][32]
1996 The Hunchback of Notre Dame Quasimodo's Mother, Djali [32]
1997 Annabelle's Wish Hens [32]
Hercules Earthquake Lady, Nymphs, Teenage Girls, Athena [28][32]
1998 Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero Barbara Gordon / Batgirl Direct-to-video film [2][28][32]
The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars Additional voices Direct-to-video film
Kiki's Delivery Service Old Woman English dub
Mulan Third Ancestor, additional voices [32]
Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island Daphne Blake [28][32]
Rusty: A Dog's Tale Myrtle the Duck [32]
1999 The Brave Little Toaster to the Rescue Additional voices Direct-to-video film
South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut Liane Cartman, Sheila Broflovski, Sharon Marsh, Carol McCormick, Wendy Testaburger, Clitoris, additional voices Nominated - Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Feature Production [28][32]
The Iron Giant Hogarth (screaming and sleeping vocals), additional voices [23][28][32]
Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein Mother Direct-to-video film
Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost Daphne Blake Direct-to-video film [28][32]
Toy Story 2 Jessie (yodeling sounds), additional voices Posthumous release [32]
2000 The Life & Adventures of Santa Claus Martha, Nymph, Tycus Direct-to-video film; posthumous release [32]
Scooby-Doo and the Alien Invaders Daphne Blake Direct-to-video film; posthumous release; dedicated in memory [32]
2001 Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure Si the Siamese Cat Direct-to-video film; posthumous release [32]
2002 Balto II: Wolf Quest Cunning Trickster, Wolverine #3 Direct-to-video film; posthumous release [32]

Television

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List of voice performances in television
Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
1983 Alvin and the Chipmunks Additional voices Episode: "The C-Team/The Chipettes"
1991–1996 Captain Planet and the Planeteers Dr. Blight, Blight-5, Betty Blight 27 episodes (replacing Meg Ryan) [32]
1992–1993 The Little Mermaid Arista, Spot, additional voices 6 episodes [32]
1993 Family Dog Katie, additional voices 4 episodes [32]
The Wild West Mattie, Eliza, May Live-action

Episode: "Cowboys/Settlers"

1994 The Bears Who Saved Christmas Holly Television film
Fantastic Four Princess Anelle, additional voices Episode: "Behold, a Distant Star" [32]
1995 Annie: A Royal Adventure! Miss Hannibal, New York Children, British Children Live-action; television film
Sing Me a Story with Belle Fifi, Hansel, Gretel, Elf, Witch, additional voices [32]
Space Strikers Additional voices 13 episodes [32]
The Tick Ants, Secretary, Ottoman 2 episodes
The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat Tickets, Mermaid, Girls 2 episodes [32]
1996 The Fantastic Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor Daphne, Queen, Maiden Malamatr [32]
1996–1998 What a Cartoon! Doris ("The Kitchen Casanova"),[32] additional voices 6 episodes
1997 Roar Additional voices Live-action [32]
USA High Ricki Lake Live-action

Episode: "Once Upon an Elevator"

Extreme Ghostbusters Banshee 2 episodes
1997–1998 Recess Additional voices 15 episodes
The New Adventures of Zorro Ursula 26 episodes [32]
1997–1999 South Park Wendy Testaburger, Sharon Marsh, Shelia Brofloski, Liane Cartman, Carol McCormick, Shelly Marsh, Principal Victoria, Mayor McDaniels, Ms. Crabtree, Nurse Gollum, additional voices Seasons 1–3
Credited as Shannen Cassidy in the first two seasons
"Starvin' Marvin in Space" and "Mr. Hankey's Christmas Classics" dedicated in memory 		[2][28][32][33]
1998 Spider-Man Gwen Stacy Episode: "Spider Wars, Chapter 2: Farewell, Spider-Man"
Adventures from the Book of Virtues Marla, Gabriela, Princess, Old Woman Episode: "Selflessness"
I Am Weasel Sandy Weasel Episode: "Honey, I Are Home"
Rugrats Spokes, Friendly Boy Episode: "Uneasy Rider/Where's Grandpa?"
Hercules Artemis Replacing Reba McEntire
1998–2000 Jay Jay the Jet Plane Jay Jay, Herky, Savannah, Revvin' Evan 38 episodes (some aired posthumously).
Replaced by Debi Derryberry, and later Donna Cherry. 		[32]
1998–2001 Oh Yeah! Cartoons Timmy Turner, additional voices 10 episodes, in the Fairly OddParents segment.
Redubbed by Tara Strong in reruns.
1999 The Scooby-Doo Project Daphne Blake Television special [32]
1998–1999 The Secret Files of the Spy Dogs Mitzy, Ayanna, Timmy, Various others Main role [32]
1999–2000 Men in Black: The Series Queen Bug 3 episodes; posthumous role
2000 Family Guy Sherry Episode: "Let's Go to the Hop"; posthumous role [23]
Maxine's Christmas Carol Television film; posthumous role
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command Alien Mom, Alien Kid, Zurg's Answering Machine Episode: "A Zoo Out There"; posthumous role
2001 Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot Pierre 2 episodes; posthumous role


Video games

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List of voice performances in video games
Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
1993 Leisure Suit Larry 6: Shape Up or Slip Out! Char Donay, Cav Vuarnet
Gabriel Knight: Sins of the Fathers Gerde, Little Boy, Old Lady [28]
1996 Leisure Suit Larry: Love for Sail! Drew Baringmore, Jamie Lee Coitus, Wydoncha Jugg, Peggy
Disney's Animated Storybook: 101 Dalmatians Perdita / Anita
1997 101 Dalmatians: Escape from DeVil Manor Anita
Ready to Read with Pooh Singing Honey Pots
I Can Be a Dinosaur Finder Addie the Kangaroo
The Curse of Monkey Island Minnie "Stronie" Goodsoup (Ghost Bride) [28]
1998 I Can Be an Animal Doctor Addie the Kangaroo
South Park Liane Cartman, Wendy Testaburger, Shelly Marsh
Leisure Suit Larry's Casino Cavaricchi Vuarnet, Drew Baringmore, Wydoncha Jugg, Female Announcer, Miss Bowling, Peggy
Disney's Math Quest with Aladdin Fortune Teller
Disney's Animated Storybook: Mulan Ancestor
Mulan Story Studio Ancestor
King's Quest: Mask of Eternity Apothecary Gnome, Swamp Witch [28]
Arthur's Math Carnival D.W., Muffy, Francine, Prunella, The Brain
1999 Arthur's Brain Teasers D.W., Muffy, Francine, Prunella, The Brain
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace Additional voices [23][28]
Disney's Princess Fashion Boutique Snow White
Scooby-Doo! Mystery of the Fun Park Phantom Daphne Blake Posthumous release
2000 Arthur's Thinking Games D.W., Muffy, Francine, Prunella, The Brain Posthumous release
South Park Rally Wendy Testaburger, Mayor McDaniels, Freda, Ms. Crabtree, Shelly Marsh Posthumous release
Alundra 2 Milena, Natasha, Royal Boy C Posthumous release
Tenchu 2: Birth of the Stealth Assassins Kagami Posthumous release

Live-action

[edit]
List of acting performances in feature and television films
Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
1978 Return Engagement Mary Television film [3]
1999 South Park Woman Live-action footage
Goin' Down to South Park Self Documentary
2000 Bob's Video Lady in Red, Telephone Voice, Radio Dispatcher Posthumous release
List of acting performances in television
Year Title Role Notes
1999 Nightcap Self Posthumous role, dedicated in memory

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Kemmerman, Kristin. "Mary Kay Bergman, voiceover actress, dead", CNN, November 17, 1999.
  2. ^ a b c d e f DeMott, Rick (November 22, 1999). "More on Mary Kay Bergman death". Animation World Magazine. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Lawson & Persons 2004, p. 36.
  4. ^ California Birth Index, 1905-1995. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005.
  5. ^ Frater 2010, p. 358.
  6. ^ a b c d "Fatal Fears". People. Vol. 52. December 6, 1999. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
  7. ^ DeMott, Rick (November 22, 1999). "More on Mary Kay Bergman death". Animation World Magazine. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  8. ^ "Notable Graduates". Hollywood High School. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
  9. ^ a b Lawson & Persons 2004, pp. 36–37.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Lawson & Persons 2004, p. 37.
  11. ^ a b "Mary Kay Bergman; Voice Actress in 'South Park'". Los Angeles Times. November 21, 1999. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
  12. ^ a b "Mary Bergman, Actress, 38; Did Voice-Overs On 'South Park'". New York Times. November 25, 1999. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
  13. ^ Lawson & Persons 2004, pp. 37–38.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lawson & Persons 2004, p. 38.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lawson & Persons 2004, p. 39.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lawson & Persons 2004, p. 40.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Lawson & Persons 2004, p. 41.
  18. ^ Cerone, Daniel (April 24, 1991). "Animated Series Stuck in Doghouse: Television: CBS promoted 'Family Dog' for its spring lineup, but production snags will delay the Spielberg production until fall". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
  19. ^ Cerone, Daniel (1993-06-10). "Spielberg's 'Dog' Finally Has Its Day: But Is CBS Throwing a Bone by Unleashing the Series in Summer?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
  20. ^ Walek, Gordon (June 23, 1993). "Unfunny 'Dog' lives up to its name, leaves few viewers barking for more". Arlington Heights Daily Herald Suburban Chicago. p. 119. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  21. ^ Lawson & Persons 2004, pp. 39–40.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h Lawson & Persons 2004, p. 42.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bonin, Liane (November 22, 1999). "South Park must continue without its lead female performer". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on November 6, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  24. ^ "A Conversation With..... Dino Andrade". Mary Kay Bergman memorial. 2000. p. 4. Archived from the original on May 15, 2001. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
  25. ^ "Mary Kay Bergman Obituary". Retrieved October 18, 2010.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g Lawson & Persons 2004, p. 43.
  27. ^ Rush, George; Molloy, Joanna (November 23, 1999). "Entertainment stars celebrate free speech". Syracuse Post Standard. p. 28. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Pesselnick, Jill (November 18, 1999). "Mary Kay Bergman". Variety. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  29. ^ Interview with Trey Parker and Matt Stone. March 2, 2000. Paley Center for Media.
  30. ^ "Bergman suicide prevention fund set up". Variety. December 10, 1999. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
  31. ^ David Perlmutter (6 March 2014). America Toons In: A History of Television Animation. McFarland. pp. 313–315. ISBN 978-0-7864-7650-3.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Lawson & Persons 2004, p. 44.
  33. ^ Bonin, Liane (November 22, 1999). "South Park must continue without its lead female performer". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on November 6, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2012.

Sources

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